The seeds of such plants cannot germinate in the soil due to high salt and low oxygen concentration in their marshy habitat. This region is called the epicotyl.Įxamples – Pea, wheat, maize, rice, gram, and groundnut.Īpart from the above two types, a special type of germination called vivipary or viviparous germination is found in mangrove plants. It occurs due to rapid elongation of the region between the plumule and the cotyledons in the baby plant. Hypogeal Germination: Here the cotyledons are found to grow below the soil. This region is called the hypocotyl.Įxamples – Bea, Cotton, castor, papaya, onion, and gourd. This happens due to the rapid elongation of the region between the cotyledons and the radical in the baby plant. There are two main types of germination found in plants:Įpigeal Germination: Here the cotyledons are found to grow above the soil. Once this phase is complete, it starts synthesizing its own food by photosynthesis. During this initial phase of development the baby plant continues to use the food stored within the seed. Gradually, tiny leaves sprout from the shoot ends, these are known as foliage leaves. Stage 4: Morphogenesis (Formation of Seedling): This is the final step of seed germination when the first embryonic leaf or the cotyledon appears. During this period, the enzymatic activity remains at an all-time high. Stage 3: Growth (Formation of Root and Shoot): As the rate of respiration increases, the seed coat ruptures to form a radical which later develops into a primary root, while the plumule develops into a shoot. The seed begins respiration by absorbing oxygen and utilizing the stored food to form proteins necessary for its growth. Stage 2: Activation: The absorbed water activates the enzymes present inside the seed that starts the growth phase in the embryo. Stage 1: Imbibition: This is the first step where the seed rapidly absorbs water from the environment causing the seed coat to swell and become soft. Seed germination includes a series of events happening in a sequential order, starting from an inactive seed to the formation of a baby plant:
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